📘 Class 12 Business Studies – Chapter 8: Controlling Quick Revision Notes + PYQs
🌟 Meaning
👉 Controlling = Process of comparing actual performance with planned performance, finding deviations, aur corrective action lena.
👉 Simple line: “Controlling ensures everything goes as per plan.”
📝 Features
- 🔄 Continuous process (har level pe hota hai)
- 📊 Goal‑oriented (objectives achieve karne ke liye)
- 🏢 Present + Future oriented (current check + future improve)
- 👨💼 Pervasive (sabhi managers ke liye)
📌 Importance of Controlling
- ✅ Helps in achieving goals
- ✅ Improves efficiency
- ✅ Reduces wastage & cost
- ✅ Facilitates coordination
- ✅ Ensures discipline
🔑 Steps in Controlling Process
1️⃣ Setting performance standards (target fix karna)
2️⃣ Measuring actual performance
3️⃣ Comparing actual with standards
4️⃣ Finding deviations
5️⃣ Taking corrective actions
🎯 Exam Tips
- Agar Q me “Process of Controlling” aaye → 5 steps likho.
- Agar “Importance” aaye → 4–5 points likho.
- Agar “Features” aaye → Intangible, Continuous, Pervasive yaad rakho.
🧠 Memory Trick:
👉 S‑M‑C‑D‑C = Standards → Measurement → Comparison → Deviations → Corrective action
⚡ Quick Keywords
Standards | Measurement | Comparison | Deviations | Corrective Action | Efficiency | Goal Achievement
📌 PYQs (Past Year Questions)
1️⃣ 2021 – Explain the steps in the process of controlling. (5 marks)
2️⃣ 2020 – State any four importance of controlling. (4 marks)
3️⃣ 2019 – “Controlling is a pervasive function.” Explain. (3 marks)
4️⃣ 2018 – Explain how controlling helps in achieving objectives of the organisation. (4 marks)
5️⃣ 2017 – State any three features of controlling. (3 marks)
“Revision easy banane ke liye niche diya hai next chapter ka link 👇”
CHAPTER 1 :- NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 2 :- PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 3 :- BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER 4 :- PLANNING
CHAPTER 5 :- ORGANISING
CHAPTER 6 :- STAFFING
CHAPTER 7 :- DIRECTING
CHAPTER 8 :- CONTROLLING